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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Predictive adaptive response ： ウィキペディア英語版 Predictive adaptive response A predictive adaptive response (PAR) is a developmental trajectory taken by an organism during a period of developmental plasticity in response to perceived environmental cues.〔Low, F.M., Gluckman, P.D., Hanson, M.A.: Developmental Plasticity, Epigenetics and Human Health. Evol. Biol. 39, 650-665 (2012)〕 This PAR does not confer an immediate advantage to the developing organism; however, if the PAR correctly anticipates the postnatal environment it will be advantageous in later life, if the environment the organism is born into differs from that anticipated by the PAR it will result in a mismatch.〔Godfrey, K.M., Lillycrop, K.A., Burdge, G.C., Gluckman, P.D., Hanson, M.A.: Epigenetic mechanisms and the mismatch concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. Pediatr. Res. 61, 5R-10R (2007)〕 Examples of PARs include greater helmet development in Daphnia cucullata in response to maternal exposure to predator pheromones,〔Agrawal, A.A., Laforsch, C., Tollrian, R.: Transgenerational induction of defences in animals and plants. Nature. 401, 60-63 (1999)〕 coat thickness determination in vole pups by the photoperiod length experienced by the mother,〔Lee, T.M., Zucker, I.: Vole infant development is influenced perinatally by maternal photoperiodic history. Am. J. Physiol. 255, R831-R838 (1988)〕 and the tendency of humans that experienced maternal undernutrition in utero to become glucose intolerant and develop type II diabetes in later life as described in the thrifty phenotype hypothesis.〔Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P.: Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia. 35, 595-601 (1992)〕 PARs are thought to occur through epigenetic mechanisms that alter gene expression, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, and do not involve changes to the DNA sequence of the developing organism.〔Tammen, S.A., Friso, S., Choi, S.W.: Epigenetics: The link between nature and nurture. Mol. Aspects Med. 34, 753-764 (2013)〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Predictive adaptive response」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.